Title: An analysis of the Penalty and Extrapolation for
the stationary Stokes equations

Author: Richard S. Falk.

Source: Advanes in Computer Methods for Partial Differential Equations,
R. Vichnevetsky, ed., L'Association Internationale pour le Calcul
Analogique, 1975, pp. 66-69.

Abstract: A major difficulty in the finite element method for
approximating Stokes equations is the treatment of the incompressibility
condition div v =9.  In this paper we use a penalty method approch to
eliminate this problem and then show how extrapolation can be used to
compute approximate solutions with higher order of accuracy using matrices
with lower condition numbers than arise in the simple penalty method.

A penalty-extrapolation procedure is analyzed for avoiding the
problem of the construction of trial functions satisfying div v =-

URL: http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~falk/papers/stokes-p-e.pdf