- Academy
(garden of Academus, Athens)
- Alexander the Great
(d. 323 BC)
- Alexandria
(Egypt, founded by Alexander)
- analysis
(Greek technique, the forerunner of algebra)
- Archimedes
(3rd c. BC, Sicily)
- arithmos
(number)
- Athens
(leading cultural center of classical Greece)
- acrophonic
(number system)
- anachronism
(historical glitch)
- apocryphal
(inauthentic)
- colophon
(signature etc)
- codex
(ancient book)
- commensurable
(rational ratio)
- continued fraction
(Euclidean algorithm)
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- Euclid
(Elements, 300BC)
- Euclidean algorithm
(anthyphairesis, alternate subtraction)
- Eudoxus
(400 BC, theory of proportions)
- geometric algebra
(certain Babylonian and Greek techniques)
- golden section
(extreme and mean ratio; ratio found in star pentagram)
- greatest common measure
(see measure)
- Heiberg
(editor of Euclid in Greek, about 1900)
- Hellenistic
(Greek culture after Alexander)
- irrational number
(not a fraction)
- logos
(proportion, among other things)
- measure
(divisor [Euclid])
- Mesopotamia
(ancient Iraq between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers)
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- number
(2,3,4,... in Greek usage)
- Old Babylonian
(around 1800 BC in Mesopotamia; cuneiform writing)
- Plimpton 322
(Babylonian Pythagorean triple text)
- Plato
(philosopher, follower of Socrates, classic period)
- papyrus
(plant and writing material made from that plant, similar
to paper)
- polyphonic writing
(multiple meanings)
- porism
- pentagram
(pentagonal star)
- prime number
(2,3,5,7,11, ... - no divisors)
- Proclus
(neo-Platonist commentator on Euclid, 400 AD)
- Pythagoras
(Greek mystic, mathematicican, 6th c. BC)
- quadrature
("squaring" = computation of area)
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- recension
(draft, edition)
- rhetorical algebra
(written out in words)
- Seleucid
(late Babylonian, or Hellenistic)
- regular number
(reciprocal has a finite sexagesimal expansion)
- sexagesimal
(base 60)
- syncopated algebra
(abbreviated but not symbolic)
- synthesis
(construction of a proof; compare "analysis")
- Thales
(Greek mathematician, contemporary of Pythagoras)
- Theatetus
(classic Greek mathematician, expert on irrationals)
- Theon
(late and influenctial commentator on Euclid's Elements)
- Winkelhaken
(Babylonian cuneiform symbol made with the end of
the stylus)
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