Juniper Green and variations

By Blair Seidler


.pdf    .tex   

This project is Chapter 4 of my dissertation. I plan to split it out into a separate PDF which will be uploaded here when it is done.


Overview

This project is based on the game Juniper Green, invented by teacher Richard Porteous and popularized by Ian Stewart and Lynn Stallings and Patricia Bullock. The basic game uses a board labeled with the integers 1 to n, with a typical value of n=100. The first player chooses any even number on the board. The second player then chooses any integer in [1,n] which is either a factor or an integer multiple of the first. The players alternate selecting a factor or multiple of the current number, but they may not choose any number which has been selected previously. Whichever player is left without a legal move loses.

In a beautiful 2022 paper (in French), Julien Lemoine solved the problem of which values of n admit a winning strategy for player one. For this project, I explored the Sprague-Grundy values of the game for the basic game and several variations.


Maple package


Basic Game

The "Easy" version allows the first player to choose any number. This version is not interesting from a winning strategy persepctive because the first player can select a prime greater than n/2 for most values of n. It is at least mildly interesting from a Sprague-Grundy perspective, however.


Factor Restriction Variation

As in the basic game, we have a board numbered with the integers from 1 to n. In this variation, we have two additional game parameters, positive integers a and b. Player one starts the game by selecting an even number on the board. Players then alternate selecting previously unused numbers which are factors or multiples of the current number, with the additional restriction that the largest permissible divisor is a and the largest permissible multiplier is b.


Additive Variation

As in the basic game, we have a board numbered with the integers from 1 to n. In this variation, we have two additional game parameters, sets of positive integers A and B. Player 1 starts the game by selecting any number on the board. We do not restrict the initial selection to an even number. Divisibility is relevant in the basic game, but it is not relevant in the additive scenario. Players then alternate selecting previously unused numbers by subtracting an element of A from the current number c or adding an element of B to c.


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